In contrast to baclofen, another GABA B receptor agonist, γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), has been associated with euphoria, abuse, and addiction. Euphoria is however listed as a common to very common side-effect of baclofen in the BNF 75 There are very few cases of abuse of baclofen for reasons other than attempted suicide. Russian baclofen (trade name "Baclosan") 25 mg tablets with a warning: "Caution: the drug may suppress psychomotor reactions"īaclofen, at standard dosing, does not appear to possess addictive properties, and has not been associated with any degree of drug craving. Withdrawal symptoms may include auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, delusions, confusion, agitation, delirium, disorientation, fluctuation of consciousness, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, inattention, memory impairments, perceptual disturbances, itching, anxiety, depersonalization, hypertonia, hyperthermia (higher than normal temperature without infection), formal thought disorder, psychosis, mania, mood disturbances, restlessness, and behavioral disturbances, tachycardia, seizures, tremors, autonomic dysfunction, hyperpyrexia (fever), extreme muscle rigidity resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome and rebound spasticity. Acute withdrawal symptoms can be eased or completely reversed by re-initiating therapy with baclofen. Abrupt withdrawal is more likely to result in severe withdrawal symptoms. Thus to minimise withdrawal symptoms, the dose should be tapered down slowly when discontinuing baclofen therapy. The severity of baclofen withdrawal depends on the rate at which it is discontinued. Withdrawal symptoms are more likely if baclofen is administered intrathecally or for long periods of time (more than a couple of months) and can occur from low or high doses. Withdrawal syndrome ĭiscontinuation of baclofen can be associated with a withdrawal syndrome which resembles benzodiazepine withdrawal and alcohol withdrawal. Adverse drug reactions Īdverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, headache, trouble sleeping, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, or constipation. Intrathecal baclofen is used for severe spasticity of spinal cord origin that is refractive to maximum doses of oral antispasmodic agents or who experience intolerable side effects. Its use in people with stroke or Parkinson's disease is not recommended. Medical uses īaclofen is primarily used for the treatment of spastic movement disorders, especially in instances of spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. In 2020, it was the 108th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions. īaclofen was approved for medical use in the United States in 1977. It is believed to work by decreasing levels of certain neurotransmitters. Use in pregnancy is of unclear safety while use during breastfeeding is probably safe. Serious side effects may occur if baclofen is rapidly stopped including seizures and rhabdomyolysis. Ĭommon side effects include sleepiness, weakness, and dizziness. It is taken by mouth or by delivery into the spinal canal. It may also be used for hiccups and muscle spasms near the end of life. Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat muscle spasticity such as from a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.
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